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Antigen Processing Pathways

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70 chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial precursors...

Tagging and Fusion Proteins

Tagging and Fusion Proteins

Proteins are involved in several cellular processes and biochemical reactions. Analyzing a specific protein of interest requires it to be isolated from the other proteins in the cell. This is achieved by overexpressing the specific gene in a suitable host to produce large quantities of the target protein. A tag or label is recombined with the gene to produce a fusion protein containing the target protein and the tag. The tags on these fusion proteins can then be used for easy detection and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: October 15, 2021

Identifying source proteins for MHC class I-presented peptides.

Nathalie Vigneron¹, Wenbin Ma¹, Alexandre Michaux¹

¹Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and WELBIO and de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|January 19, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying peptides recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) is crucial for cancer immunotherapy. This study presents a method to find these antigenic peptides and their presenting HLA molecules using tumor-derived cDNA libraries.

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: October 15, 2021

Overlapping Peptide Library to Map Qa-1 Epitopes in a Protein

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Published on: December 20, 2017

A High Throughput MHC II Binding Assay for Quantitative Analysis of Peptide Epitopes

A High Throughput MHC II Binding Assay for Quantitative Analysis of Peptide Epitopes

Published on: March 25, 2014

Area of Science:

Immunology
Oncology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Targeted cancer immunotherapies rely on identifying antigenic peptides recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL).
Understanding the specific peptides and their presenting HLA molecules is essential for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive approach for identifying peptides recognized by CTL.
To enable the discovery of novel cancer targets for immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

Identification of HLA molecules presenting specific peptides.
Design and screening of a complementary DNA (cDNA) library derived from tumor cells.
Global analysis of peptide-HLA interactions.

Main Results:

A methodology for identifying CTL-recognized antigenic peptides.
Characterization of the peptide-HLA complex involved in the immune response.
Potential targets for cancer immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

The presented global approach facilitates the identification of key antigenic peptides for cancer immunotherapy.
This method aids in understanding the tumor-specific immune response and developing personalized treatments.