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Related Concept Videos

Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...
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Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
Spindle Assembly02:50

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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
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Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
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Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

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Related Experiment Video

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Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
05:35

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Published on: March 3, 2016

CENP-T provides a structural platform for outer kinetochore assembly.

Tatsuya Nishino1, Florencia Rago, Tetsuya Hori

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics and The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.

The EMBO Journal
|January 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Ndc80 complex binds microtubules at kinetochores. This study reveals how CENP-T protein interactions, regulated by phosphorylation, link the Ndc80 complex to the inner kinetochore, clarifying kinetochore assembly during mitosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Kinetochores are crucial for chromosome segregation during mitosis.
  • The Ndc80 complex is the primary microtubule-binding component of kinetochores.
  • The precise mechanism linking Ndc80 to inner kinetochore proteins remains elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural basis of Ndc80 complex association with inner kinetochore proteins.
  • To investigate the role of CENP-T phosphorylation in regulating these interactions.
  • To understand how multiple protein complexes are targeted to kinetochores.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution structural analysis.
  • Biochemical interaction studies.
  • Phosphorylation assays.

Main Results:

  • Identified an interaction between the N-terminal region of CENP-T and the RWD domain of Spc24/25 within the Ndc80 complex.
  • Demonstrated that CENP-T phosphorylation enhances a cryptic hydrophobic interaction with Spc25, creating a phospho-regulated binding event.
  • Showed that Ndc80 complex interactions with CENP-T and the Mis12 complex are mutually exclusive.

Conclusions:

  • Proposed a model where CENP-T and the Mis12 complex represent distinct pathways for Ndc80 complex recruitment to kinetochores.
  • Provided insights into the phospho-regulated assembly of kinetochore protein complexes.
  • Advanced the understanding of kinetochore-microtubule attachment regulation.