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Methylisothiazolinone.
Mari Paz Castanedo-Tardana1, Kathryn A Zug
1Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Section of Dermatology, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
Dermatitis : Contact, Atopic, Occupational, Drug
|January 24, 2013
Summary
Methylisothiazolinone (MI) is a rising allergen in US cosmetics. Standard patch tests miss 40% of MI allergies, highlighting the need for its inclusion in routine screening.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Allergology
- Cosmetic Science
Background:
- Methylisothiazolinone (MI) is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and toiletries.
- MI was recognized as the American Contact Dermatitis Society Contact Allergen of the Year in 2013.
- Increasing use of MI in the US correlates with rising exposure levels.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the background of methylisothiazolinone (MI) as a contact allergen.
- To justify the addition of MI to routine screening patch testing series.
- To address the under-detection of MI allergy with current testing methods.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on methylisothiazolinone (MI) allergy.
- Analysis of patch testing data regarding MI and its common combinations.
- Comparison of MI allergy prevalence in Europe and the United States.
Main Results:
- The combination patch test of methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/MI misses approximately 40% of MI allergies.
- Allergy to MI is documented in approximately 1.5% of individuals in Europe.
- The prevalence of MI allergy in the United States remains unknown but is suspected to be significant.
Conclusions:
- Current standard patch testing may significantly underestimate the prevalence of methylisothiazolinone (MI) allergy.
- MI is an important and relevant preservative allergen that may be overlooked in US clinical practice.
- Routine screening patch testing should include methylisothiazolinone (MI) to accurately diagnose contact allergy.
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