Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Rhythmic Conformational Change in a SinglePolymer Chain Induced by Laser Irradiation

H Mayama

    Journal of Biological Physics
    |January 25, 2013
    PubMed

    Keywords:
    dissipation structurefolding phase-transition in a single polymer chainlimit-cycle oscillation under thermal fluctuationsoptical tweezersthermodynamically open conditionstime-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation (TDGL)

    More Related Videos

    Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals10:35

    Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

    Published on: May 29, 2018

    Preparation of Liquid Crystal Networks for Macroscopic Oscillatory Motion Induced by Light07:56

    Preparation of Liquid Crystal Networks for Macroscopic Oscillatory Motion Induced by Light

    Published on: September 20, 2017

    Related Concept Videos

    Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

    Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

    The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into the...
    Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

    Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

    The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
    Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

    Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

    Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
    Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

    Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

    The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
    Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

    Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

    The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.
    Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

    Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

    The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.