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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
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Related Experiment Videos

Bladder function after modified posterior exenteration for primary gynecological cancer.

Kazuyoshi Kato1, Shinichi Tate, Kyoko Nishikimi

  • 1Department of Gynecology, Chiba University School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. kazuyoshi.kato@jfcr.or.jp

Gynecologic Oncology
|January 29, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Preserving pelvic autonomic nerves during modified posterior exenteration surgery significantly improves bladder function post-operation. Nerve-sparing approaches lead to better micturition and acceptable bladder function outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Urology
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Autonomic nerve injury is a known complication of pelvic surgery, often leading to bladder dysfunction.
  • Modified posterior exenteration is utilized for advanced pelvic cancers, including ovarian, tubal, peritoneal, and endometrial malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively evaluate the impact of modified posterior exenteration with nerve preservation on bladder function.
  • To assess the feasibility of a nerve-sparing surgical technique in maintaining bladder function.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of 60 patients undergoing modified posterior exenteration.
  • Categorization into bilateral nerve-sparing (43 patients), unilateral nerve-sparing (15 patients), and bilateral nerve-sacrificing (2 patients) groups.
  • Standardized questionnaires were used to assess bladder function at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-surgery.

Main Results:

  • All patients with bilateral nerve-sparing surgery maintained spontaneous micturition.
  • Unilateral nerve-sparing surgery initially required intermittent catheterization in 40% of patients, with improvement by 3 months.
  • Patients with bilateral nerve sacrifice experienced persistent neurogenic bladder requiring self-catheterization at 6 months.

Conclusions:

  • Modified posterior exenteration with a nerve-sparing approach is feasible for preserving bladder function.
  • Standardized outcome measures are effective for monitoring bladder function after this procedure.
  • Further research with larger cohorts is necessary to fully understand pelvic autonomic nerve function post-surgery.