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Updated: May 14, 2026

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
Published on: April 11, 2025
Recent advances in cardiovascular monitoring using ballistocardiography
1Department of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. oeinan@gmail.com
Abstract:
Ballistocardiography (BCG) is a non-invasive method for monitoring cardiovascular health. While in the early 1900s, when it was invented, the BCG was intended to be a tool used exclusively in the clinic, the recent resurgence of BCG research has actually focused on extra-clinical applications ranging from home monitoring to measuring signals from astronauts in space. This repositioning of the diagnostic technique has largely been spurred by recent advances in measurement technology: historically, BCG instrumentation was large, cumbersome, and difficult to maintain; currently, it is small, easy-to-use, and does not require any sophisticated maintenance. This review presents the latest technological improvements in BCG instrumentation. These developments should further help to establish the BCG as a useful diagnostic tool in the coming years.
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