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Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...
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Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
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Jamming of particles in a two-dimensional fluid-driven flow.

Alfredo Guariguata1, Masika A Pascall, Matthew W Gilmer

  • 1Center for Hydrate Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.

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Particle jamming in fluid flows is crucial for industry. This study reveals jamming probability depends on restriction size and particle-to-opening ratio, not flow velocity, with a new model matching experimental data.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Granular physics
  • Particle transport

Background:

  • Particle jamming is critical in natural and industrial processes, yet understudied in fluid-driven flows compared to gravity-driven ones.
  • Fluid-driven flows exhibit unique characteristics like variable concentrations, velocities, and hydrodynamic interactions.
  • Understanding jamming in these flows is essential for applications such as pipeline transport and managing natural phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate particle jamming phenomena in fluid-driven flows using both experimental and simulation approaches.
  • To determine the flow-rate boundary for dilute-to-dense transitions in particle flows.
  • To develop a comprehensive model for jamming probability incorporating various influencing factors.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments involving circular particles flowing over water in an open channel with a restriction.
  • Computer simulations to model particle flow and jamming dynamics.
  • Analysis of flow-rate boundaries, particle throughput, and jamming probability under varying conditions.

Main Results:

  • A flow-rate boundary for dilute-to-dense transitions was identified, similar to gravity-driven flows.
  • Maximum particle throughput scales with restriction size following a Beverloo equation form with an exponent of ~3/2.
  • Jamming probability depends on the channel opening-to-particle size ratio and flow entrance effects, but weakly on flow velocity.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides insights into particle jamming in fluid-driven systems, highlighting the role of geometric factors and fluid dynamics.
  • A comprehensive jamming probability model was developed, integrating experimental and simulation findings, showing good agreement with data.
  • The findings contribute to a better understanding of particle transport and blockage phenomena in various applications.