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Related Concept Videos

Impact01:30

Impact

Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
Types of Impact01:30

Types of Impact

Impacts can be classified in various forms, primarily under two subgroups: central impact and oblique impact. A central impact occurs when two objects collide head-on, possessing opposite velocities aligned along the line of impact. Conversely, an oblique impact occurs when two objects collide at an angle, resulting in a modification of both direction and velocity.
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Conservation of Linear Momentum for a System of Particles01:28

Conservation of Linear Momentum for a System of Particles

In the dynamic realm of billiards, a fascinating interplay of forces governs the motion of cue balls and stationary balls. When the cue ball collides with a stationary ball, linear momentum is exchanged. The cue ball imparts a fraction of its linear momentum to the stationary ball, causing the cue ball to decelerate while initiating the motion of the stationary ball.
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Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
Impulse01:13

Impulse

According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of the momentum of an object is the net external force acting on it. The total change in momentum between two timepoints thus depends on both the external force acting on it and the time over which it acts. Describing this mathematically, the total change of an object’s motion is proportional to the force vector and the time over which it is applied. This product is called impulse.
Additionally, it can be shown that the total...
Elastic Collisions: Introduction01:00

Elastic Collisions: Introduction

An elastic collision is one that conserves both internal kinetic energy and momentum. Internal kinetic energy is the sum of the kinetic energies of the objects in a system. Truly elastic collisions can only be achieved with subatomic particles, such as electrons striking nuclei. Macroscopic collisions can be very nearly, but not quite, elastic, as some kinetic energy is always converted into other forms of energy such as heat transfer due to friction and sound. An example of a nearly...

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Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography
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Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography

Published on: September 29, 2019

Particle scale dynamics in granular impact.

Abram H Clark1, Lou Kondic, Robert P Behringer

  • 1Department of Physics and Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|February 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Granular impact dynamics were studied using photoelastic disks. Acoustic activity at the intruder

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Granular Mechanics
  • Acoustics

Background:

  • Granular materials exhibit complex behaviors under impact.
  • Understanding grain-scale interactions is crucial for predicting macroscopic responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the granular impact process.
  • To elucidate the role of acoustic phenomena in intruder dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 2D experimental setup with photoelastic disks.
  • Employed high-speed video to capture intruder motion and local force responses.
  • Analyzed acoustic behavior at the intruder's leading edge.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant acoustic activity with strong spatial and temporal fluctuations.
  • Demonstrated that acoustic activity governs intruder deceleration.
  • Identified large force fluctuations occurring at short timescales.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a new microscopic understanding of granular impact.
  • Acoustic energy dissipation plays a key role in controlling impact dynamics.
  • Findings reconcile empirical force laws with grain-scale mechanisms.