[A case with Stanford type A acute aortic dissection that presented with consciousness disturbance and hemiparesis]

The patient was a 63-year-old female who had a past history of hypertension. She suddenly complained of agonizing pain and became comatose soon thereafter. Upon admission, she was in a state of shock, with upper airway obstruction and a coma. The pupils were dilated on both sides. The laboratory data showed that D-dimer was >80µg/mL. Brain CT scan and diffusion weighted MRI of the brain showed no abnormality. On brain 2D-CT angiography, the visualization of the right internal carotid artery and the right vertebral artery was poor. She eventually was able to nod her head in response to verbal commands, but her left extremities were completely hemiplegic. Cerebral angiography showed occlusion of the right vertebral artery at the branching point from the brachiocephalic artery, and was visualized in a retrograde fashion through the left vertebral artery. The brachiocephalic artery was severely stenotic in aortography. During angiography, she became able to speak and complained of back pain. Chest CT just after angiography showed a dissection in the aortic arch. Therefore, she was directed to the cardiovascular surgeon for immediate consultation. During the operation, the aortic dissection was revealed to be Stanford type A. Laceration of the intima was found in the ascending aorta and cardiac tamponade was also found. Total arch replacement was performed. The pathological examination showed that the arterial dissection occurred in the layer of elastic fiber, and the minimum arterial thickness of the medial layer was 0.2mm. The patient improved after the operation and her neurological deficits disappeared completely 13 days after operation. Brain and spinal MRI 15 days after the operation showed no abnormality.