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Borderline intellectual functioning: consensus and good practice guidelines.

Luis Salvador-Carulla1, Juan Carlos García-Gutiérrez, Mencía Ruiz Gutiérrez-Colosía

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Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF) lacks defined diagnostic criteria and prevalence data. Establishing international consensus and diagnostic tools is crucial for understanding and supporting this population.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF) is defined as intellectual functioning between 71-85 IQ, bordering normal and intellectual disability.
  • Despite its significance, BIF lacks quantifiable prevalence data and a standardized diagnostic definition.
  • Research on BIF is limited, with 'Borderline Intelligence' yielding the most relevant scientific literature.

Framework:

  • Elaborating a conceptual framework for BIF is essential for consistent understanding.
  • Establishing consensus guidelines is a primary objective for defining BIF.
  • A consensus document was developed based on expert conclusions and a framing document.

Implementation:

  • A mixed qualitative methodology, including frame analysis and nominal group techniques, was employed.
  • Extensive literature review across medical databases, scientific publications, and grey literature informed the study.
  • A framing document was prepared based on the synthesized information.

Implications:

  • Prioritizing international consensus on the BIF construct and operative criteria is vital.
  • Developing specific screening and diagnostic tools for BIF is necessary.
  • Defining criteria for incidence/prevalence and identifying effective interventions will enable an integral, individual-centered care model.