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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure01:17

Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure

Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as a slew of hormones that interact with renal function to modulate blood volume.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction while...
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...

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Updated: May 14, 2026

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion
08:22

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Published on: March 20, 2017

[Central hemodynamics in obesity].

Katharina Meyer1

  • 1Universitätspoliklinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung/ZAEP, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland. katharina.meyer@insel.ch

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|February 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity duration and severity are key risk factors for heart failure. Sustainable weight reduction is crucial to prevent cardiac damage and dysfunction in obese individuals.

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Assessment of Human Adipose Tissue Microvascular Function Using Videomicroscopy
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Assessment of Human Adipose Tissue Microvascular Function Using Videomicroscopy

Published on: September 29, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion
08:22

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Published on: March 20, 2017

Assessment of Human Adipose Tissue Microvascular Function Using Videomicroscopy
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Assessment of Human Adipose Tissue Microvascular Function Using Videomicroscopy

Published on: September 29, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Obesity Medicine
  • Physiology

Context:

  • Obesity poses significant risks for cardiovascular health, including left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure.
  • Physiological adaptations to excess body weight can initially increase cardiac output but lead to detrimental remodeling over time.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the relationship between obesity, cardiac adaptations, and the progression to heart failure.
  • To highlight the importance of early intervention for managing cardiac risks associated with obesity.

Summary:

  • Obesity leads to increased blood volume and cardiac adaptations, initially raising stroke volume and cardiac output.
  • Chronic obesity causes ventricular remodeling, diastolic dysfunction, and eventually systolic impairment, culminating in left heart failure.

Impact:

  • Early and sustainable weight reduction is vital to prevent irreversible cardiac damage and heart failure in obese patients.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can inform clinical strategies for managing obesity-related cardiovascular complications.