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Skin reactions to propylene glycol
M Hannuksela1, V Pirilä, O P Salo
1Department of Dermatology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Contact Dermatitis
|January 1, 1975
Summary
Propylene glycol (PG) frequently caused reactions in eczema patients. True allergic reactions to PG were rare but possible, especially with occlusion.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Allergology
- Contact dermatitis
Background:
- Propylene glycol (PG) is a common ingredient in topical formulations.
- Its potential as a contact allergen in patients with eczema is a concern.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the sensitization potential of propylene glycol (PG), ethylene glycol (EG), and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) in patients with eczema.
- To identify the incidence and nature of reactions to these glycols.
Main Methods:
- A total of 1,556 eczema patients underwent patch testing with PG, EG, and PEG 400 using the chamber test method.
- Reactions to topical preparations containing PG were also assessed.
Main Results:
- Propylene glycol (PG) elicited positive reactions in 12.5% of patients, ethylene glycol (EG) in 4.9%, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) in 0.3%.
- Approximately 30% of positive PG reactions appeared allergic.
- Four cases were identified as true allergic reactions to PG, particularly with high dilutions and open testing.
Conclusions:
- Propylene glycol (PG) can cause contact reactions, with a low incidence of true allergy.
- Occlusive use of PG and high-concentration PG-containing topical preparations should be avoided.
- Vigilance for allergic reactions to PG is recommended.