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The association between media multitasking, task-switching, and dual-task performance.

Reem Alzahabi¹, Mark W Becker¹

¹Department of Psychology, Michigan State University.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance

|February 13, 2013

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Heavy media multitaskers excel at task switching, not parallel processing. This study reveals that engaging with multiple media forms simultaneously enhances cognitive flexibility in shifting attention between distinct tasks.

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Media Psychology
Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

Increased media consumption correlates with cognitive process changes.
Media multitasking, engaging with multiple media simultaneously, is a growing phenomenon.
Previous research often overlooks media multitasking's impact on cognitive control.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between media multitasking experience and cognitive abilities.
To examine how media multitasking affects task switching and dual-task performance.
To understand the specific cognitive control mechanisms influenced by media multitasking.

Main Methods:

Participants classified number-letter pairs (odd/even, consonant/vowel).
Task-switching paradigm: Cues indicated which classification to perform.

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Dual-task paradigm: Participants performed both classifications simultaneously.

Comparison between heavy and light media multitaskers.

Main Results:

Heavy and light media multitaskers performed comparably in dual-task scenarios.
Heavy media multitaskers demonstrated superior performance in the task-switching paradigm.
Media multitasking experience is linked to enhanced ability to shift between discrete tasks, not parallel processing.

Conclusions:

Media multitasking experience enhances cognitive flexibility, specifically the ability to switch between tasks.
The study differentiates between parallel processing and task-switching abilities in relation to media multitasking.
Findings suggest that heavy media multitasking cultivates skills in attentional shifting.