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Related Concept Videos

Pie Chart01:04

Pie Chart

A pie chart (or a pie graph) is a circular graphical chart or a pictorial representation of categorical data. It is divided into slices of pie each indicating numerical proportions. It is also used to show the relative sizes of data in a single chart.
In a pie chart, the central angle, the arc length of each slice, and the area are directly proportional to the quantity or percentage it represents. Some real-world examples that can be depicted using pie charts include marks obtained by students...
Methods of Documentation III: PIE01:21

Methods of Documentation III: PIE

Problem-intervention-evaluation (PIE) is a systematic approach to documentation used in healthcare settings for clinical decision-making and patient care planning. It is a structured approach to organizing patient data based on problems, interventions, and evaluations. Here's a breakdown of its key features and considerations:
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Escape Velocity

The escape velocity of an object is defined as the minimum initial velocity that it requires to escape the surface of another object to which it is gravitationally bound and never to return. For example, what would be the minimum velocity at which a satellite should be launched from the Earth's surface such that it just escapes the Earth's gravitational field?
To calculate the escape velocity, it is assumed that no energy is lost to any frictional forces. In practice, a satellite launched from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Development of an Audio-based Virtual Gaming Environment to Assist with Navigation Skills in the Blind
09:01

Development of an Audio-based Virtual Gaming Environment to Assist with Navigation Skills in the Blind

Published on: March 27, 2013

Extended pie menus for immersive virtual environments.

Sascha Gebhardt1, Sebastian Pick, Franziska Leithold

  • 1Virtual Reality Group, RWTH Aachen University. gebhardt@vr.rwth-aachen.de

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
|February 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an extended hierarchical pie menu system for immersive virtual environments (IVEs), enhancing user interaction with six-degrees-of-freedom devices. The system demonstrated high performance and efficient design in user and expert evaluations.

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Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
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Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Development of an Audio-based Virtual Gaming Environment to Assist with Navigation Skills in the Blind
09:01

Development of an Audio-based Virtual Gaming Environment to Assist with Navigation Skills in the Blind

Published on: March 27, 2013

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
06:53

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Published on: March 1, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Virtual Reality
  • Usability Engineering

Background:

  • Pie menus are established interaction techniques in 2D environments.
  • Limited research exists on pie menu usability within immersive virtual environments (IVEs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To bridge the research gap by implementing and evaluating an extended hierarchical pie menu system for IVEs.
  • To optimize pie menu operation and item selection within a six-degrees-of-freedom (6DoF) input context.

Main Methods:

  • Iterative development of a hierarchical pie menu system.
  • Pilot user study with 24 participants to evaluate basic system performance and item selection.
  • Integration of extended functionality (checkboxes, sliders, color map editors).
  • Expert review of the enhanced system within a virtual reality (VR) application.

Main Results:

  • The basic hierarchical pie menu system was evaluated in a pilot study.
  • Extended functionalities were added based on user study insights.
  • An expert review identified potential design issues and confirmed overall efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • The developed extended hierarchical pie menu system is suitable for IVEs.
  • The system offers high performance and an efficient design for 6DoF interaction.
  • Further research can build upon this enhanced interaction technique for VR.