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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...

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Updated: May 13, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Collectively enhanced interactions in solid-state spin qubits.

Hendrik Weimer1, Norman Y Yao, Mikhail D Lukin

  • 1Physics Department, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. hweimer@cfa.harvard.edu

Physical Review Letters
|February 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a technique to improve interactions in solid-state quantum registers using spin qubits. This method enhances long-range quantum logic by creating a collective delocalized mode, overcoming natural localization effects.

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Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Solid-State Quantum Computing
  • Quantum Communication

Background:

  • Disordered dipolar interactions in spin qubit networks typically lead to localization, hindering qubit interactions.
  • Achieving robust, long-range interactions is crucial for scalable quantum computing and communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and analyze a technique for collectively enhancing interactions in solid-state quantum registers.
  • To overcome the limitations imposed by disordered interactions and qubit localization.
  • To enable long-range quantum logic for remote quantum registers.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of collective eigenmodes in disordered spin qubit networks.
  • Application of a transverse magnetic field to induce a delocalized eigenmode.
  • Quantification of interaction enhancement mediated by the collective mode.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of a single collective delocalized eigenmode by applying a transverse magnetic field.
  • Interaction strength enhancement scales with the square root of participating spins in the delocalized mode.
  • Achieved long-range quantum logic at distances compatible with optical addressing.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed technique effectively enhances interactions in solid-state quantum registers.
  • Collective delocalization provides a pathway for robust, long-range quantum operations.
  • Implementation using nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond is feasible, with decoherence effects considered.