The effect of an iliotibial tenodesis on intraarticular graft forces and knee joint motion

Lateral extraarticular reconstructions are used as isolated procedures in knees with moderate rotatory instability and as "backups" in knees requiring primary repair or intraarticular reconstruction for major rotatory instability. We used an experimental knee testing system to analyze the immediate postoperative mechanical effect of an iliotibial band tenodesis on an intraarticular reconstruction of the ACL in fresh cadaver knees using a composite graft consisting of a bone-patellar tendonbone segment augmented with the Kennedy Ligament Augmentation Device (LAD, 3M Co., St. Paul, MN). The intraarticular graft was standardized by using a forcesetting technique. Ligament and graft forces were measured using buckle transducers, and joint motion was measured using an instrumented spatial linkage as 90 N anteriorly directed tibial loads were applied to seven fresh knee specimens at 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees of flexion. The following knee states were tested in each specimen: intact ACL, excised ACL, intraarticular reconstruction, intraarticular reconstruction with the tenodesis added, and tenodesis with the intraarticular reconstruction added. Adding the iliotibial band tenodesis to an existing standardized intraarticular reconstruction significantly decreased the force in the ACL composite graft by an average of 43%. When the standardized intraarticular reconstruction was added to an existing tenodesis, the graft forces were an average of 15% below the level of when the reconstruction was performed alone. The force in the tenodesis was significantly less than the composite graft force at extension; however, the differences between the tenodesis and total graft force were not significant from 30 degrees to 90 degrees of flexion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)