Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 13, 2026

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
Published on: April 11, 2025
Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging of arrhythmogenic substrates in humans
1Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University, One Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA. rudy@wustl.edu
Abstract:
Cardiac excitation is determined by interactions between the source of electric activation (membrane depolarization) and the load that cardiac tissue presents. This relationship is altered in pathology by remodeling processes that often create a substrate favoring the development of cardiac arrhythmias. Most studies of arrhythmia mechanisms and arrhythmogenic substrates have been conducted in animal models, which may differ in important ways from the human pathologies they are designed to represent. Electrocardiographic imaging is a noninvasive method for mapping the electric activity of the heart in humans in real-world conditions. This review summarizes results from electrocardiographic imaging studies of arrhythmogenic substrates associated with human clinical arrhythmias. Examples include heart failure, myocardial infarction scar, atrial fibrillation, and abnormal ventricular repolarization.
Related Concept Videos
Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias
Electrocardiogram
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion, evaluates...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography
Types of Echocardiography
Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)
TTE is the most common type of echocardiogram which involves placing a transducer on the patient's chest, emitting sound waves to create heart images. TTE is invaluable for evaluating the heart's size, structure, and motion, making it particularly useful for diagnosing...

