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Updated: May 13, 2026
07:41
Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Published on: April 17, 2019
Umbilical cord prolapse
Bradley D Holbrook1, Sharon T Phelan
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA. bholbrook@salud.unm.edu
Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
|March 8, 2013
Summary
Umbilical cord prolapse is a serious obstetric emergency. Prompt management, including immediate delivery and fetal head elevation, significantly improves fetal outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Fetal Medicine
Background:
- Umbilical cord prolapse is a critical obstetric emergency.
- It poses significant risks to fetal well-being, potentially leading to severe morbidity and mortality.
- Diagnosis is typically confirmed by palpation or visualization of the umbilical cord.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the diagnostic criteria for umbilical cord prolapse.
- To describe immediate management strategies for umbilical cord prolapse.
- To emphasize the importance of timely intervention for optimizing fetal outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Clinical diagnosis based on physical examination.
- Urgent delivery, commonly via cesarean section.
- Interventions to relieve cord compression, such as manual elevation of the presenting part or bladder filling.
Main Results:
- Severe, rapid fetal heart rate decelerations are a common accompanying sign.
- Prompt delivery and cord decompression are associated with improved fetal outcomes.
- Untreated cases carry a high risk of fetal compromise.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of umbilical cord prolapse hinges on rapid diagnosis and intervention.
- Cesarean section is the primary mode of delivery.
- Maternal bladder filling and manual cord elevation are crucial temporizing measures.
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