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Related Concept Videos

Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

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One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
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Self-regulation, also known as self-control, encompasses a range of cognitive and behavioral processes that allow individuals to adjust their internal states and outward actions to align with socially acceptable norms and long-term goals. It plays a fundamental role in adaptive functioning, from resisting impulsive behaviors to persisting through challenging tasks. While its benefits are widely recognized, self-regulation is not limitless. Muraven and Baumeister's theory posits that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity
05:59

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity

Published on: March 7, 2019

How big is the physical activity intention-behaviour gap? A meta-analysis using the action control framework.

Ryan E Rhodes1, Gert-Jan de Bruijn

  • 1Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. rhodes@uvic.ca

British Journal of Health Psychology
|March 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The physical activity (PA) intention-behaviour gap is 46%, with most discordance stemming from individuals intending to be active but failing to do so. This highlights limitations in intention-based PA models.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity
05:59

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity

Published on: March 7, 2019

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Published on: July 27, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Public Health
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Intention is a key predictor of physical activity (PA) in many models.
  • However, a significant gap exists between intention and actual PA behavior.
  • Understanding this intention-PA gap is crucial for effective health promotion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the intention-PA gap at public health guideline levels.
  • To analyze this gap using a meta-analysis informed by the action control framework.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant studies.
  • Literature searches identified 2,865 records, with 10 studies (N=3,899) meeting eligibility criteria.
  • Random-effects meta-analysis with bias correction was employed.

Main Results:

  • The overall intention-PA gap was 46%.
  • Specifically, 36% of individuals who intended to be active did not follow through.
  • Only 2% of non-intenders became active, while 21% of non-intenders remained inactive.

Conclusions:

  • Current intention-based models have limitations in explaining PA behavior.
  • The significant intention-PA gap, particularly among intenders, poses challenges for interventions.
  • Future research should explore self-regulation, automaticity, and improved motivation measurement to augment intention.