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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

The effects of working memory training on functional brain network efficiency.

Nicolas Langer1, Claudia C von Bastian, Helen Wirz

  • 1Division Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|March 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Working memory training enhances brain network efficiency. This study shows that improved working memory performance correlates with a more interconnected brain network, demonstrating the brain

Keywords:
EEGFunctional connectivityResting stateSmall-world networksWorking memory training study

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Network Science

Background:

  • The human brain functions as a complex, interconnected network.
  • Brain networks exhibit efficient small-world properties for optimal information processing.
  • The relationship between functional brain network architecture and working memory (WM) performance remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between functional brain network architecture and working memory performance.
  • To determine if working memory training can modify functional brain network characteristics.
  • To provide the first longitudinal evidence for the plasticity of functional brain networks underlying working memory.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind training study with 66 young adults.
  • Comparison between a working memory training group and an active control group.
  • High-density resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) recorded pre- and post-training.
  • Analysis of graph-theoretical functional network characteristics at an intracortical level.

Main Results:

  • Working memory performance positively correlated with theta frequency power, which increased after training.
  • Higher working memory performance was associated with a more pronounced small-world network topology.
  • Working memory training induced shifts in network characteristics towards those of high performers, particularly increased small-worldness in fronto-parietal networks.

Conclusions:

  • Functional brain network architecture is malleable and can be modified by working memory training.
  • Working memory training enhances network efficiency, suggesting a mechanism for cognitive improvement.
  • This study provides novel longitudinal evidence for the plasticity of the human brain network supporting working memory.