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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
Liquid–Solid Solutions01:29

Liquid–Solid Solutions

The process of a solid dissolving in a liquid to form a solution is governed by the solubility limit, which is the maximum amount of the solid substance, or solute, that can be dissolved in a specific volume of the liquid or solvent. As the solute dissolves, it reaches a point where no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature - this is known as the saturation point. However, if further solute is added and it manages to dissolve, the solution becomes supersaturated. Supersaturated...
Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility02:34

Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility

Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties02:56

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...

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Updated: May 13, 2026

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

Solid-liquid interfacial premelting.

Yang Yang1, Mark Asta, Brian B Laird

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|March 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed a premelting transition at solid-liquid interfaces using molecular dynamics. A liquid aluminum film forms at the interface, growing logarithmically as the melting point is neared, impacting diffusion and particle behavior.

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Nanoscale Characterization of Liquid-Solid Interfaces by Coupling Cryo-Focused Ion Beam Milling with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy
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Nanoscale Characterization of Liquid-Solid Interfaces by Coupling Cryo-Focused Ion Beam Milling with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: July 14, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

Nanoscale Characterization of Liquid-Solid Interfaces by Coupling Cryo-Focused Ion Beam Milling with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy
11:03

Nanoscale Characterization of Liquid-Solid Interfaces by Coupling Cryo-Focused Ion Beam Milling with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: July 14, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Premelting phenomena are crucial for understanding solid-liquid interfaces.
  • Previous theories predicted premelting transitions at interfaces.
  • Experimental and simulation evidence for premelting at sharp interfaces is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate premelting transitions at chemically sharp solid-liquid interfaces.
  • To characterize the formation and growth of interfacial liquid films.
  • To explore the impact of premelting on interfacial properties and kinetics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized molecular-dynamics simulations to model the solid-Al-liquid-Pb system.
  • Analyzed the formation and width of the liquid interfacial film.
  • Examined the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient in the interfacial region.

Main Results:

  • Observed a premelting transition at the solid-aluminum-liquid-lead interface.
  • The liquid aluminum interfacial film width grew logarithmically as the melting temperature was approached.
  • A sharp change in the interfacial diffusion coefficient's temperature dependence was identified.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support current theories of premelting at sharp interfaces.
  • Premelting significantly alters interfacial diffusion kinetics.
  • This phenomenon has implications for particle coalescence and shape equilibration processes.