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Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Using Real-Time Cell Metabolic Flux Analyzer to Monitor Osteoblast Bioenergetics
09:43

Using Real-Time Cell Metabolic Flux Analyzer to Monitor Osteoblast Bioenergetics

Published on: March 1, 2022

Adenosine and bone metabolism.

Aránzazu Mediero1, Bruce N Cronstein

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, MSB251, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|March 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adenosine receptors regulate bone remodeling by influencing osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Targeting these receptors offers potential for treating bone diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Bone biology and purinergic signaling.

Background:

  • Bone remodeling involves a balance between osteoblasts (bone formation) and osteoclasts (bone resorption).
  • Purinergic signaling, particularly involving adenosine, is increasingly recognized for its role in bone metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of adenosine receptors in regulating bone homeostasis.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of adenosine receptors in bone physiology and pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the involvement of adenosine receptors in osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation and function.
  • Examined the regulation of chondrocyte and cartilage homeostasis by adenosine receptors.

Main Results:

  • Adenosine receptors are implicated in regulating osteoclast differentiation and function.
  • Adenosine receptors also play a role in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
  • These receptors influence chondrocyte and cartilage homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Adenosine receptors are critical regulators of bone metabolism and cartilage homeostasis.
  • Targeting adenosine receptors presents a promising therapeutic strategy for bone disorders.