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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Secular trends in birthweight.

¹Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.

Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series

|March 19, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Average birthweight has declined in the US since 2000, with fewer macrosomic (high birthweight) and more low birthweight infants. This trend is linked to shorter gestation lengths and potentially declining fetal growth.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Area of Science:

Perinatal epidemiology
Maternal-fetal medicine
Public health

Background:

Average birthweight increased globally through the late 20th century.
Recent US data indicate a declining trend in mean birthweight.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze recent trends in birthweight and fetal growth in the United States.
To investigate potential causes for observed changes in birthweight, including gestational age and fetal growth.

Main Methods:

Analysis of US birth data from 1990 to 2008.
Comparison of macrosomia (≥5,000 g) and low birthweight (<2,500 g) rates.
Examination of trends in small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) infants.

Main Results:

Macrosomia rates halved, while low birthweight increased by 17% between 1990 and 2008.
Decreased gestation length and increased preterm births correlate with declining birthweight.
Rates of SGA infants increased, while LGA infants decreased since 2000, suggesting declining fetal growth independent of gestation.

Conclusions:

Declines in birthweight and macrosomia are primarily attributed to reduced gestation length, often due to obstetric interventions like labor induction and cesarean delivery.
Evidence suggests a concurrent decline in fetal growth, irrespective of gestational age, the reasons for which require further investigation.