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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Na&#239;ve and Effector CD8 T Cells
06:07

Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells

Published on: March 28, 2025

AMPK: a metabolic switch for CD8+ T-cell memory.

Koichi Araki1, Rafi Ahmed

  • 1Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

European Journal of Immunology
|March 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) senses glucose stress to regulate memory CD8(+) T-cell differentiation. This kinase acts upstream of mTOR complex 1, controlling the transition from effector to quiescent memory cells.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Na&#239;ve and Effector CD8 T Cells
06:07

Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells

Published on: March 28, 2025

Real-time Monitoring of Mitochondrial Respiration in Cytokine-differentiated Human Primary T Cells
06:55

Real-time Monitoring of Mitochondrial Respiration in Cytokine-differentiated Human Primary T Cells

Published on: October 19, 2021

A DNA/Ki67-Based Flow Cytometry Assay for Cell Cycle Analysis of Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells in Vaccinated Mice
09:17

A DNA/Ki67-Based Flow Cytometry Assay for Cell Cycle Analysis of Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells in Vaccinated Mice

Published on: January 5, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is vital for cellular energy balance.
  • The precise function of AMPK in memory CD8(+) T-cell differentiation remains unclear.
  • Memory CD8(+) T-cells transition from active effector cells to a quiescent state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of AMPK in memory CD8(+) T-cell differentiation.
  • To understand how AMPK senses glucose stress in T-cells.
  • To elucidate the relationship between AMPK and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 in T-cell fate.

Main Methods:

  • The study likely involved T-cell cultures and analysis of AMPK and mTOR signaling pathways.
  • Investigated the impact of glucose availability on T-cell differentiation.
  • Utilized genetic or pharmacological manipulation of AMPK activity.

Main Results:

  • AMPK activation, triggered by glucose stress, is essential for memory CD8(+) T-cell differentiation.
  • AMPK acts as an upstream regulator of mTOR complex 1 during this process.
  • This highlights AMPK's role in managing energy stress to control T-cell formation.

Conclusions:

  • AMPK is a key sensor of cellular energy status in T-cells.
  • AMPK signaling is critical for the development of memory CD8(+) T-cells.
  • Understanding AMPK's role offers insights into immune cell metabolism and memory formation.