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Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I01:13

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I

Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods01:17

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods

Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II

Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients, maintaining...
Gastric Emptying01:16

Gastric Emptying

Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH

Drug absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process influenced by several critical factors, including the site pH, the drug's dissociation constant (pKa), and the drug's lipophilicity. The GI tract exhibits a pH gradient, with an acidic environment in the stomach and a more alkaline environment in the small intestine. This pH variation directly affects the ionization state of drugs.
A drug's pKa and the pH of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract play crucial roles in drug...

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In vitro Digestion of Emulsions in a Single Droplet via Multi Subphase Exchange of Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids
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Simulating the postprandial stomach: physiological considerations for dissolution and release testing.

Mirko Koziolek1, Grzegorz Garbacz, Marco Neumann

  • 1Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.

Molecular Pharmaceutics
|March 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding how food affects drug release from oral dosage forms is crucial. This review details stomach physiology post-meal, influencing drug dissolution and absorption in the fed state.

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Area of Science:

  • Biopharmaceutical Sciences
  • Gastrointestinal Physiology
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Food intake significantly alters gastrointestinal (GI) conditions compared to fasting.
  • The postprandial stomach's prolonged transit time critically impacts drug release and absorption from oral dosage forms.
  • Comprehending food-drug interactions is essential for predicting in vivo drug performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review stomach physiology after meal ingestion, focusing on the FDA standard breakfast.
  • To explore how oral and gastric food processing influence drug release.
  • To discuss factors affecting intragastric dissolution and drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physiological changes in the fed state, including motility and secretion.
  • Analysis of food processing in the oral cavity and stomach.
  • Discussion of physicochemical factors (pH, rheology, etc.) and mechanical forces (pressure, hydrodynamics) within the stomach.
  • Examination of gastric emptying kinetics influenced by food properties.

Main Results:

  • Food intake leads to dynamic changes in gastric content, affecting drug dissolution.
  • Key factors influencing drug release include gastric residence time, pH, buffer capacity, rheology, and surface tension.
  • Mechanical forces and food properties significantly impact gastric emptying and drug distribution.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of postprandial gastric physiology is vital for optimizing oral drug delivery.
  • The interplay between food properties and gastric environment dictates in vivo drug release and absorption.
  • This knowledge aids in predicting and mitigating food effects on drug performance.