Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Genetics of Iron Metabolism on Biochemical and Hematological Phenotypes of Heart Failure.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Hepatitis C Virus: An Overview of Its Chronic Impact on Liver Function, Metabolic Dysregulation, Inflammatory-Oxidative Pathogenesis and Epigenetic Memory.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Gastrosplenic Fistula with Thoracic Extension as a Complication of Primary Splenic Lymphoma.

Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology·2026
Same author

How fake news can turn against its spreader.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Phase-Space Measurements, Decoherence, and Classicality.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Numerical Fatigue Crack Growth on Compact Tension Specimens under Mode I and Mixed-Mode (I+II) Loading.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same journal

Inverse FIP effect plasma in the solar atmosphere: a synthesis of current understanding and new insights from AR 11967.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

Signs of sulfur fractionation under high magnetic field strength.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

First ionization potential fractionation of sulfur observed with spectral imaging of the coronal environment.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

Chromospheric dynamics and turbulence regulate the solar FIP effect.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

Exploring the link between wave activity in the photospheric velocity driver and the FIP bias in the solar corona.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

Radiative hydrodynamic simulations of first ionization potential fractionation in solar flares.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

PT-symmetric quantum state discrimination.

Carl M Bender1, Dorje C Brody, João Caldeira

  • 1Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 1LS, UK.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|March 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parity-time (PT) quantum mechanics offers a new approach to quantum state discrimination. This formalism allows for simulated perfect state discrimination with a single measurement, even for non-orthogonal states.

More Related Videos

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Theoretical Physics
  • Mathematical Physics

Background:

  • Quantum state discrimination is a fundamental problem in quantum mechanics.
  • In conventional Hermitian quantum mechanics, perfect state discrimination of non-orthogonal states is impossible with a single measurement.
  • A success probability less than unity is the best achievable outcome for non-orthogonal states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the formalism of PT quantum mechanics.
  • To apply PT quantum mechanics to the problem of quantum state discrimination.
  • To explore the implications of PT symmetry for state discrimination strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Examining the state-discrimination problem within the framework of PT quantum mechanics.
  • Utilizing a non-Hermitian PT-symmetric Hamiltonian to define an appropriate inner product.
  • Demonstrating the possibility of choosing an inner product that renders the states orthogonal.

Main Results:

  • PT quantum mechanics allows for the definition of an inner product where the states |ψ(1)> and |ψ(2)> become orthogonal.
  • This approach does not improve the achievable state discrimination probability compared to conventional quantum mechanics.
  • A simulated quantum state discrimination is realized, achieving perfect discrimination with probability p in a single measurement.

Conclusions:

  • PT quantum mechanics provides a novel perspective on quantum state discrimination.
  • The formalism enables simulated perfect discrimination, offering a different interpretation of measurement outcomes.
  • While not improving discrimination fidelity, PT symmetry offers unique capabilities for quantum information processing tasks.