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Related Concept Videos

Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow glass...
Cohesion01:07

Cohesion

Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
On a surface,...
Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
The endothelial cells...
Bonding and Strength of Aggregate01:12

Bonding and Strength of Aggregate

The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
Chemical Bonds02:40

Chemical Bonds


Atoms participate in a chemical bond formation to acquire a completed valence-shell electron configuration similar to that of the noble gas nearest to it in atomic number. Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are some of the important types of chemical bonds. Bond energy and bond length determine the strength of a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds
An ionic bond is formed due to electrostatic attraction between cations and anions. Often, the ions are formed by the transfer of electrons from...

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Research and Development of High-performance Explosives
10:33

Research and Development of High-performance Explosives

Published on: February 20, 2016

Adhesion of explosives.

Michelle N Chaffee-Cipich1, Bryce D Sturtevant, Stephen P Beaudoin

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.

Analytical Chemistry
|March 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding explosive particle adhesion is crucial for security. This study measured adhesion forces between common explosives (RDX, PETN, TNT) and various aluminum surface finishes, finding surface roughness significantly impacts adhesion.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Forensic Science

Background:

  • Effective detection of explosive materials relies on understanding particle adhesion to surfaces.
  • Accurate measurement and modeling of explosive adhesion are critical for developing efficient removal and detection strategies in security applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify adhesion forces between crystalline explosives (RDX, PETN, TNT) and different aluminum surface finishes.
  • To model these adhesion forces using atomic force microscopy and computational simulations.
  • To investigate the influence of surface topography and roughness on explosive particle adhesion.

Main Methods:

  • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)-based Colloidal Probe Microscopy (CPM) was employed to measure adhesion forces.
  • Explosive particles were attached to AFM cantilevers and brought into contact with coated aluminum surfaces.
  • A Matlab-based simulator incorporating van der Waals forces and effective Hamaker constants was used for modeling.

Main Results:

  • Adhesion forces between explosive particles (RDX, PETN, TNT) and aluminum surfaces with varying finishes (clear, white, military-grade) were successfully measured.
  • The simulations showed excellent agreement with experimental adhesion force distributions.
  • Specific surface roughness combinations were found to promote particle-substrate orientations leading to extreme adhesion forces.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides quantitative data on explosive adhesion to different surfaces, valuable for security applications.
  • Surface topography plays a critical role in dictating the adhesion characteristics of explosive particles.
  • The developed modeling approach accurately describes the observed adhesion phenomena, aiding in the design of detection systems.