Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 12, 2026
14:55
Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street
Published on: January 20, 2023
Diffusion of Complete Streets policies Across US communities
Sarah Moreland-Russell1, Amy Eyler, Colleen Barbero
1Center for Public Health Systems Science, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St Louis, MO 63112, USA. srussell@gwbmail.wustl.edu
Journal of Public Health Management and Practice : JPHMP
|March 27, 2013
Summary
Complete Streets policies promote safer transportation for all users. Higher state obesity rates, more walking/biking commuters, and neighboring policies predict adoption of these community-wide initiatives.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Urban Planning
- Transportation Policy
Background:
- Complete Streets policies aim to create transportation systems safe for all users, including drivers, pedestrians, cyclists, and transit riders.
- Despite the growing number of Complete Streets policies, research on their diffusion patterns is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To apply Diffusion of Innovation Theory to understand factors influencing Complete Streets policy adoption.
- To identify correlates of Complete Streets policy diffusion.
Main Methods:
- Utilized event history analysis to examine policy adoption.
- Investigated factors such as rural/urban status, state obesity rates, transportation funding, obesity prevention funding, rates of walking/biking to work, presence of state-level policies, and adoption by bordering communities.
Main Results:
- Analysis of 49 community-level Complete Streets policies revealed significant predictors of adoption.
- Key factors included higher state obesity rates (OR=1.465), a greater percentage of residents walking or biking to work (OR=1.726), and the presence of a bordering community with a Complete Streets policy (OR=3.859).
Conclusions:
- Community adoption of Complete Streets policies is influenced by specific geographic and sociodemographic factors.
- Identifying these factors can aid advocates and policymakers in promoting policy adoption.
- Further research is necessary to evaluate the implementation and outcomes of adopted Complete Streets policies.
Related Concept Videos
01:12Diffusion
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
01:21Diffusion
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
01:16Facilitated Diffusion
The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
01:17Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics
Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting their diffusion into...
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting their diffusion into...
01:17Design Example: Alignment of a Road Line Using GIS
The alignment of a road line using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a critical process in civil engineering, combining advanced technology with practical decision-making. This methodology begins with the collection of geospatial data, including information on land cover, geomorphology, drainage patterns, slope, and contour details. Such data is typically acquired through satellite imagery and GIS tools, offering a comprehensive understanding of the terrain.Once the data is gathered, it...
01:28Design Example: Joints in Concrete Pavements
Concrete pavement joints are essential for maintaining the structural integrity and longevity of pavement by controlling where and how the pavement cracks. These joints can be categorized based on their functions, such as contraction or control joints, construction joints, isolation joints, and expansion joints.
Contraction joints are typically formed by sawing a groove into the concrete shortly after it has hardened. This creates a weakened vertical plane, deliberately encouraging cracking at...
Contraction joints are typically formed by sawing a groove into the concrete shortly after it has hardened. This creates a weakened vertical plane, deliberately encouraging cracking at...