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Related Concept Videos

Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process information is...
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
07:05

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

How fMRI Can Inform Cognitive Theories.

Mara Mather1, John T Cacioppo2, Nancy Kanwisher3

  • 1University of Southern California mara.mather@usc.edu.

Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science
|April 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers more than just brain localization. This technique can significantly advance cognitive theory by addressing questions about specialized versus general brain functions and task-specific processing mechanisms.

Keywords:
cognitioncognitive theoryfMRIneuroimaging

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is often criticized for its limited utility beyond localizing cognitive functions in the brain.
  • A debate exists regarding the extent to which fMRI can truly inform and advance cognitive theories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To argue that fMRI can substantially contribute to cognitive theory development.
  • To outline specific ways fMRI data can address fundamental questions in cognitive science.

Main Methods:

  • The article proposes a framework for utilizing fMRI data to answer key theoretical questions.
  • It discusses the application of fMRI in investigating brain region specialization and task engagement.

Main Results:

  • fMRI can differentiate between specialized and general-purpose brain machinery.
  • fMRI can determine if specific mental processes are engaged during particular tasks.
  • fMRI helps elucidate the distinctness of representations for different stimulus classes.
  • fMRI can reveal whether tasks share common or distinct processing mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • fMRI data can be leveraged to resolve theoretical debates in cognitive science, moving beyond simple localization.
  • The utility of fMRI extends to understanding the nature of cognitive representations and processing mechanisms.