Evaluation of cutaneous palpebral anthrax

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Infectious Diseases
• Dermatology

Background:

• Anthrax is a rare zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, with cutaneous anthrax accounting for 95% of human cases.
• Palpebral (eyelid) involvement in cutaneous anthrax is uncommon but can lead to severe complications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment outcomes for cutaneous palpebral anthrax.
• To identify risk factors and preventive strategies for eyelid complications associated with this condition.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 21 patients diagnosed with cutaneous palpebral anthrax between January 2000 and December 2012.
• Diagnosis was confirmed through lesion appearance, Gram staining, bacterial culture, or response to treatment.
• Clinical data, treatment regimens, and patient outcomes were reviewed.

Main Results:

• The study included 21 patients (61.9% female, mean age 31 years) with symptoms including swelling and redness.
• Diagnosis was confirmed by culture (23.8%), Gram stain (28.5%), or characteristic lesion appearance (47.7%).
• Common complications included cicatricial ectropion (47.7%), lagophthalmos (19%), and corneal scars (9.5%). Antibiotics like penicillin and ciprofloxacin were used.

Conclusions:

• Early diagnosis and prompt, high-dose antibiotic therapy are essential for managing cutaneous palpebral anthrax.
• Effective treatment can prevent or minimize severe eyelid complications.
• Patients developing complications require prolonged follow-up and potential surgical intervention.