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Evolutionary change during experimental ocean acidification.

Melissa H Pespeni1, Eric Sanford, Brian Gaylord

  • 1Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA. mpespeni@indiana.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ocean acidification causes significant genetic changes in purple sea urchins, revealing rapid evolution potential. This genetic adaptation may offer resilience to climate change impacts in marine ecosystems.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Genomics
  • Climate Change Science

Background:

  • Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) alters ocean chemistry, leading to ocean acidification.
  • Ocean acidification negatively impacts marine species, but adaptive capacity is poorly understood.
  • Predicting ecosystem responses to acidification is challenging due to limited knowledge of species' adaptive potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genome-wide selection patterns in purple sea urchins under acidified conditions.
  • To assess the adaptive capacity of marine species to ocean acidification.
  • To understand the genetic basis of response to elevated CO2 in marine invertebrates.

Main Methods:

  • Cultured purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) larvae under different CO2 levels.
  • Analyzed genetic variation at 19,493 loci across seven populations.
  • Examined changes in gene frequencies and identified affected functional classes of proteins.

Main Results:

  • Larval development and morphology showed minimal response to elevated CO2.
  • Substantial genome-wide allelic changes were observed in hundreds of loci across all populations.
  • Significant genetic changes occurred in genes related to biomineralization, lipid metabolism, and ion homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Ocean acidification drives rapid, genome-wide evolutionary responses in purple sea urchins.
  • Standing genetic variation provides a reservoir for resilience to climate change.
  • Effective adaptation to natural selection requires large population sizes and may be limited by other environmental stressors.