Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...

Learning Disabilities

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...

Components of Language

Components of Language

Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...

Lateralization

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Intervention Effects on Phonological Processing in Children With Developmental Speech and/or Language Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies With Group Design.

International journal of language & communication disorders·2026

Same author

Cognitive Measures in Developmental Language Disorder Classification in Monolingual and Bilingual Children: A Machine Learning Approach.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2026

Same author

Sentence Comprehension and L2 Exposure Effects in 6-Year-Old Sequentially Bilingual Children With Typical Development and Developmental Language Disorder.

International journal of language & communication disorders·2025

Same author

Maternal sex-hormone exposure and the risk of eating disorders in daughters.

Psychiatry research·2024

Same author

Intervention studies with group design targeting expressive phonology for children with developmental speech and language disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

International journal of language & communication disorders·2024

Same author

Infant neural speech encoding is associated with pre-reading skill development.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

[Multilingualism and specific language impairment].

Eva Arkkila¹, Sini Smolander, Marja Laasonen

¹HYKS, korvaklinikka.

Duodecim; Laaketieteellinen Aikakauskirja

|April 13, 2013

Summary

Specific language impairment (SLI) affects many children, especially multilingual ones. Understanding SLI in children learning multiple languages is crucial for their development and to prevent long-term issues.

Area of Science:

Childhood developmental disorders
Linguistics
Pediatric language pathology

Context:

Growing prevalence of multilingual children in clinical settings.
Increasing concern regarding language development in children acquiring multiple languages.
Specific Language Impairment (SLI) as a common childhood developmental disturbance.

Purpose:

To highlight the importance of understanding factors underlying SLI in multilingual children.
To emphasize the need for specialized assessment and support for linguistic skills in multilingual children.
To underscore the risks of long-term problems and marginalization for children with SLI.

Summary:

Specific Language Impairment (SLI) is a common childhood disorder.
Multilingualism presents unique considerations for language development and clinical assessment.

More Related Videos

Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery

Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery

Published on: October 11, 2010

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment

Published on: June 1, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery

Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery

Published on: October 11, 2010

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment

Published on: June 1, 2015

Knowledge of SLI factors and multilingual development is essential for effective support.

Impact:

Informs clinical practice for assessing and supporting multilingual children with language impairments.
Raises awareness of the potential long-term consequences of untreated SLI in multilingual populations.
Contributes to a better understanding of language acquisition in diverse linguistic environments.