Natural history of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in India

The Zebrafish, Danio rerio, is a well-known vertebrate model species widely used in research associated with biomedical areas and comparative and evolutionary biology. Interestingly, despite the importance of this species, little is known about the natural history, habitats, and native distribution. In our study of the species, we collected individuals from twenty-one wild populations from within the species' natural distribution, ranging from streams/rivers of the Western Ghats of Peninsular India to those of the Western and North-Eastern Himalayas. Habitat types are identified from various geographic locations. Danio rerio is largely confined to and most frequently associated with habitats of low flow and with a sandy substrate in secondary and tertiary channels connected with the main channel of a stream/river, or habitats adjacent to wetlands and paddy fields. These connections can be natural channels or man-made irrigation canals, beels, or culture ponds. Among the 21 populations, individuals from two populations (one from Orissa and another from Arunachal Pradesh) were much larger in size (total length) when compared to other populations. The general habitats of Danio rerio vary from small to large mountainous and lowland streams/rivers, wetlands, and paddy fields.