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Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the Visual Cortex with Wide-View Retinotopic Stimulation
07:11

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the Visual Cortex with Wide-View Retinotopic Stimulation

Published on: December 8, 2023

Dissecting visual awareness with FMRI.

Guido Hesselmann1

  • 1Visual Perception Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. guido.hesselmann@charite.de

The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry
|April 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores the neural basis of consciousness using fMRI and behavioral studies. It highlights progress in understanding awareness and the challenges of subjective reporting in consciousness research.

Keywords:
awarenessconsciousnessfMRIinterocular suppressionvision

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neurobiology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The study of consciousness and perceptual awareness has seen significant advancements.
  • The field is characterized by high-impact research, dedicated societies, and competing theories.
  • Investigating consciousness requires addressing the challenge of subjective reporting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent fMRI and behavioral studies on the neural underpinnings of awareness.
  • To examine neuronal activity in higher-order and early visual cortex related to consciousness.
  • To provide an overview of measurement challenges in consciousness research.

Main Methods:

  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies.
  • Behavioral experiments assessing perceptual awareness.
  • Analysis of neuronal correlates of conscious experience.

Main Results:

  • Recent studies provide insights into the neural basis of awareness.
  • Evidence links activity in visual cortex to the contents of consciousness.
  • The reliance on self-report presents a fundamental measurement issue.

Conclusions:

  • The field of consciousness research is highly productive.
  • Understanding awareness requires integrating neurobiological and cognitive approaches.
  • Future research must continue to address the measurement problem in studying consciousness.