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Updated: May 12, 2026

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Published on: August 21, 2017

Diagnosing neuromyelitis optica.

Naila Makhani¹, Sandra Bigi, Brenda Banwell

¹Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. naila.makhani@sickkids.ca

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America

|April 24, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disorder affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord. Early diagnosis of NMO and related spectrum disorders is crucial for managing this condition and preventing severe disability.

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Human Serum Anti-aquaporin-4 Immunoglobulin G Detection by Cell-based Assay

Human Serum Anti-aquaporin-4 Immunoglobulin G Detection by Cell-based Assay

Published on: April 5, 2019

Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology
Neuroimmunology

Background:

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe inflammatory demyelinating disease.
It is characterized by recurrent optic neuritis and transverse myelitis.
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) autoimmunity is central to NMO pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight advances in diagnosing NMO and NMO spectrum disorders.
To emphasize the clinical spectrum of AQP4-related autoimmunity.
To underscore the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

Review of advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques.
Discussion of the NMO IgG biomarker discovery.
Analysis of clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria.

Main Results:

Improved diagnostic accuracy for NMO and NMO spectrum disorders.
Greater recognition of the broad clinical spectrum of AQP4 autoimmunity.
Understanding of brain lesion distribution related to AQP4 expression.

Conclusions:

Prompt diagnosis of NMO and NMO spectrum disorders is essential.
Early intervention impacts therapeutic strategies and outcomes.
Childhood-onset NMO carries a high risk of severe disability.