Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

International expert consensus on gene therapy for hereditary hearing loss: Based on clinical trials.

Med (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

DB-OTO Gene Therapy for Inherited Deafness.

The New England journal of medicine·2025
Same author

Electrophysiological Responses to Spectral Ripple Envelope Phase Inversion in 3-Month-Olds and Adults.

Ear and hearing·2025
Same author

Gene Therapy for Hearing Loss: Which Genes Next?

Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology·2025
Same author

Behavioral characterization of the cochlear amplifier lesion due to loss of function of stereocilin (STRC) in human subjects.

Hearing research·2023
Same author

Investigating Socioeconomic Barriers to Cochlear Implantation.

Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology·2023
Same journal

Pathology-Informed Augmentation Improves Cross-Cohort IMU-to-vGRF Estimation Between Healthy Adults and Adults With Osteoarthritis.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2026
Same journal

Effects of task-driven head orientations on gait and balance during walking in virtual reality.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2026
Same journal

Wearable sensor-based Mild Cognitive Impairment Identification: A Multi-Domain Gait Analysis Approach with Association Rule Mining.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2026
Same journal

Semi-implantable Micro-cooler for Dorsal Root Ganglion Enables Targeted, Sustained, and Cumulative Pain Relief.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2026
Same journal

Auditory Cue Integration for a Power-Assisted Gait Training System Based on Neurodevelopmental Treatment Principles.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2026
Same journal

Quantifying the dynamics that link leg tendon vibration to induced periodic postural oscillations in young subjects Differential effects of light touch on the induced sway.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
06:04

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

Improved perception of music with a harmonic based algorithm for cochlear implants.

Xing Li1, Kaibao Nie, Nikita S Imennov

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.

IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering : a Publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
|April 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new harmonic-single-sideband-encoder (HSSE) strategy significantly improves music perception for cochlear implant (CI) users, enhancing both melody and timbre recognition by better conveying temporal fine structure cues.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
06:04

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Conventional cochlear implant (CI) strategies often lack fine structure information, leading to poor music perception.
  • Improving music perception is a key challenge for CI users.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel harmonic-single-sideband-encoder (HSSE) strategy for enhanced CI music perception.
  • To compare the effectiveness of HSSE against the conventional continuous-interleaved-sampling (CIS) strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the HSSE strategy to track musical harmonics and convey amplitude/temporal fine structure cues.
  • Conducted vocoder simulations comparing HSSE and CIS.
  • Evaluated melody and timbre recognition in normal-hearing and CI subjects.
  • Simulated neural spike patterns using an auditory nerve model.

Main Results:

  • HSSE significantly improved melody and timbre recognition in normal-hearing subjects.
  • CI users showed significant improvement in timbre recognition with HSSE (mean 17%).
  • HSSE demonstrated superior conveyance of temporal pitch cues compared to CIS in auditory nerve simulations.

Conclusions:

  • The HSSE strategy shows promise for enhancing music perception in cochlear implant users.
  • HSSE effectively delivers temporal fine structure and pitch cues crucial for music processing.