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Updated: May 12, 2026

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
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Reversible multicomponent self-assembly mediated by bismuth ions.

Amber M Johnson1, Michael C Young, Richard J Hooley

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, 501 Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|April 26, 2013
PubMed
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Bismuth(III) ions reversibly self-assemble with ligands into various structures. Assembly outcomes depend on ligand shape, protonation, and ion concentration, offering control over complex formation.

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Bismuth(III) ions exhibit versatile coordination behavior.
  • Multicomponent self-assembly offers pathways to complex inorganic structures.
  • Ligand properties significantly influence self-assembly outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reversible self-assembly of Bismuth(III) ions with tris-coordinate ligands.
  • To understand how ligand geometry, protonation, and concentration affect assembly.
  • To explore the formation of discrete supramolecular structures.

Main Methods:

  • 1D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
  • Diffusion NMR
  • Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS)

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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  • X-ray crystallography

    • Main Results:

    • Self-assembly is dependent on ligand coordination geometry, protonation state, and Bi concentration.
    • V-shaped ligands form discrete M2L4, M2L3, and M2L2 complexes.
    • Linear ligands yield a single M3L3 assembly.
    • Assemblies can utilize up to nine coordination sites at Bi vertices.

    Conclusions:

    • Bismuth(III) self-assembly provides a tunable platform for creating discrete coordination complexes.
    • Control over ligand and concentration allows predictable manipulation of assembly products.
    • This work demonstrates the potential of bismuth chemistry in supramolecular design.