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Determination01:51

Determination

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Development and specification of GABAergic cortical interneurons.

Corey Kelsom1, Wange Lu

  • 1Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. wange.lu@med.usc.edu.

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|April 27, 2013
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Summary

This review explores the development of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons in the mammalian cerebral cortex. Understanding their origins, migration, and genetic regulation offers insights into treating neurological disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • GABAergic interneurons are crucial inhibitory neurons in the mammalian cerebral cortex, utilizing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as their primary neurotransmitter.
  • These interneurons exhibit significant diversity in subtypes, which can be classified by expressed protein markers and play a vital role in neural circuitry and activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review focuses on the developmental trajectory of GABAergic interneurons within the mammalian cerebral cortex.
  • It aims to elucidate their developmental origins, intricate migration pathways, and the genetic factors governing their specification and maintenance.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing literature on GABAergic interneuron development.
  • Classification of subtypes is primarily based on expressed protein markers.
  • Emphasis is placed on transcriptional networks regulating interneuron fate.

Main Results:

  • GABAergic interneurons originate from specific developmental sources and undergo complex migration to reach the cerebral cortex.
  • A complex transcriptional network of genes dictates the specification and maintenance of GABAergic interneuron subtypes.
  • Diverse subtypes of cortical interneurons exist, characterized by distinct protein expression profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the developmental processes of GABAergic interneurons is essential for comprehending neural circuit formation.
  • Knowledge of interneuron development, particularly in humans, holds significant clinical potential for treating neurological disorders associated with interneuron dysfunction.