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Related Concept Videos

Physiological Theories: James-Lange Theory of Emotion01:16

Physiological Theories: James-Lange Theory of Emotion

The James-Lange theory of emotion, proposed by William James and Carl Lange in the late 19th century, asserts that emotions are the result of physiological reactions to external stimuli. Contrary to the traditional view, which suggests that emotions directly arise from the perception of stimuli, this theory proposes that emotions occur as a consequence of the body's responses to such stimuli. According to this framework, an emotional experience is a cognitive interpretation of physiological...
Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion01:20

Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion

Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Labeling
According to this theory, when an individual experiences physiological...
Physiology of Emotion01:20

Physiology of Emotion

The physiology of emotions is a multifaceted process involving the autonomic nervous system, brain structures, hormones, and neurotransmitters. This intricate interplay dictates how emotions manifest in the body and influence behavior.
Autonomic Nervous System
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a critical role in emotional responses by regulating involuntary physiological functions. It consists of two main components: the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic system...
Physiological Theories: Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion01:22

Physiological Theories: Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, proposed by Walter Cannon and Philip Bard, challenges the notion that emotions are solely the result of physiological responses. Instead, this theory suggests that emotional experiences and physiological arousal occur simultaneously but operate through independent mechanisms. This dual response is initiated by the brain, specifically by the thalamus, which plays a critical role in processing sensory information.
Upon perceiving a stimulus, such as a dangerous...
Facial Feedback Hypothesis01:24

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role of...
Cognitive Theories: Lazarus Mediational Theory of Emotion01:17

Cognitive Theories: Lazarus Mediational Theory of Emotion

Richard Lazarus' cognitive mediational theory highlights the pivotal role of cognitive appraisal in shaping emotional responses. According to this theory, the evaluation of a stimulus — based on personal values, goals, beliefs, and expectations — mediates the emotional response. This appraisal process is immediate and often occurs unconsciously, influencing the intensity and nature of the resulting emotion.
Cognitive Appraisal and Emotional Response
Lazarus proposed that emotions are not solely...

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Updated: May 11, 2026

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Extending predictive processing to the body: emotion as interoceptive inference.

Anil K Seth1, Hugo D Critchley

  • 1Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom. a.k.seth@sussex.ac.uk

The Behavioral and Brain Sciences
|May 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Bayesian brain hypothesis offers a unified view of perception, cognition, and action. This framework integrates interoception, re-framing emotion as interoceptive inference and potentially explaining psychiatric disorders.

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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation
14:04

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Published on: August 26, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation
14:04

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Published on: August 26, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The Bayesian brain hypothesis unifies perception, cognition, and action.
  • Interoception, the sense of the body's internal state, is crucial for homeostasis and well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the Bayesian brain framework to include interoception.
  • To propose a novel model of emotion as interoceptive inference.
  • To explore the implications for psychiatric disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling based on predictive coding principles.
  • Integration of interoceptive processing within a Bayesian inference framework.

Main Results:

  • A model of "interoceptive predictive coding" is presented.
  • Emotion is reconceptualized as a form of interoceptive inference.
  • The model offers potential explanations for disorders of selfhood.

Conclusions:

  • The Bayesian brain framework can be extended to encompass interoception.
  • Interoceptive predictive coding provides a novel perspective on emotion.
  • This framework may illuminate the neurobiological underpinnings of psychiatric conditions.