Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
Antidepressant Drugs: Tricyclics, SSRIs, and SNRIs01:28

Antidepressant Drugs: Tricyclics, SSRIs, and SNRIs

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs), including Desipramine (Norpramin), Imipramine (Tofranil), Clomipramine (Anafranil), and Amitriptyline (Elavil), inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake and also block other receptors. They are used for depression, pain conditions, and insomnia. Common adverse effects include anticholinergic effects, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, and weight gain. They have a narrow therapeutic window and so require plasma-level monitoring. Abrupt discontinuation can...
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents01:17

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents

Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
Opioids, widely used antidiarrheal agents, mitigate diarrhea by slowing down...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Alzheimer's disease and apitherapy: the therapeutic effect of various honeybee products.

Neurodegenerative disease management·2026
Same author

Molecularly Imprinted Polyaniline-Functionalized Lateral-Flow Membrane for Highly Sensitive and Selective Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Detection in Water.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

Polystyrene microplastics disrupt the blood-testis barrier via CEBPB-driven lysosomal autophagy and induce ferroptosis-like injury in human sperm, compromising embryo development.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same author

Potential correlation between chronic pain and amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease.

Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases surgical sperm retrieval but preserves semen quality and cumulative live birth rate.

Reproductive biomedicine online·2026
Same author

Adjuvant camrelizumab for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with high risk of recurrence after curative hepatectomy: a retrospective multicenter study.

European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology·2026
Same journal

Preface.

Profiles of drug substances, excipients, and related methodology·2026
Same journal

Rosuvastatin calcium: A comprehensive profile.

Profiles of drug substances, excipients, and related methodology·2026
Same journal

Kinetic exclusion assay technology: Theory, experimental aspects, and applications in concentration measurements across diverse fields.

Profiles of drug substances, excipients, and related methodology·2026
Same journal

Drugs and polymer based local delivery systems in the treatment of periodontal diseases.

Profiles of drug substances, excipients, and related methodology·2026
Same journal

Perindopril: A comprehensive profile.

Profiles of drug substances, excipients, and related methodology·2026
Same journal

Ferulic acid: A comprehensive profile.

Profiles of drug substances, excipients, and related methodology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Surgical Technique of the 3-Dimensional-printed Personalized Hip Implant for the Treatment of Canine Hip Dysplasia
08:40

Surgical Technique of the 3-Dimensional-printed Personalized Hip Implant for the Treatment of Canine Hip Dysplasia

Published on: April 19, 2024

Tramadol hydrochloride.

Robert Smyj1, Xiao-Ping Wang, Feixue Han

  • 1Apotex Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients, and Related Methodology
|May 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This chapter profiles the analgesic tramadol hydrochloride, detailing its physical characteristics, stability, and analytical methods. It also covers biological properties and chemical synthesis for this important pain relief medication.

More Related Videos

Fentanyl Analog Screening using LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS
10:13

Fentanyl Analog Screening using LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS

Published on: November 8, 2024

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Surgical Technique of the 3-Dimensional-printed Personalized Hip Implant for the Treatment of Canine Hip Dysplasia
08:40

Surgical Technique of the 3-Dimensional-printed Personalized Hip Implant for the Treatment of Canine Hip Dysplasia

Published on: April 19, 2024

Fentanyl Analog Screening using LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS
10:13

Fentanyl Analog Screening using LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS

Published on: November 8, 2024

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Tramadol hydrochloride is a widely used synthetic analgesic.
  • Understanding its physicochemical and biological properties is crucial for effective therapeutic use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive profile of tramadol hydrochloride.
  • To summarize its physical characteristics, stability, and analytical methods.
  • To describe its biological properties and chemical synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Spectroscopic analysis (UV/vis, IR, NMR, mass spectra).
  • Stability studies in solid-state and solution.
  • Review of compendial and literature analytical methods.
  • Summary of biological properties and chemical synthesis pathways.

Main Results:

  • Detailed physical characteristics of tramadol hydrochloride are presented.
  • Stability data for tramadol hydrochloride in various conditions are provided.
  • Established analytical methods for quality control are summarized.
  • Key biological activities and synthesis routes are outlined.

Conclusions:

  • This profile consolidates essential information on tramadol hydrochloride.
  • The data supports its safe and effective use in pain management.
  • Understanding synthesis and analysis aids in drug development and quality assurance.