Kinetic exclusion assay technology: Theory, experimental aspects, and applications in concentration measurements...

Kinetic Exclusion Assay (KinExA) is a powerful analytical technology that has gained importance for its ability to accurately characterize the intermolecular interactions in terms of affinity, binding kinetics, stoichiometry, specificity, and quantitatively measure the concentrations of diverse molecules in various fields of applications. This review article provides a comprehensive addressing of KinExA, covering its theoretical foundations, characteristics, instrumentation, and focusing on the applications of the technology for concentration measurements in diverse fields. The article begins by elucidating the fundamental concepts of KinExA, highlighting its principle of operation including the fundamental equations and assumptions underlying the technology, providing a sound understanding of the quantitative aspects of the technology. In addition, the article explores the key characteristics of KinExA that contribute to its widespread utilization. Furthermore, the review explores into the instrumentation of KinExA, outlining the components and operation of the instrument and assay setup. Finally, the review explores the diverse applications of KinExA in concentration measurements across various fields. These application fields include pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis clinical diagnostics, forensic analysis, environmental monitoring, food safety, heavy metals analysis, and diagnostic microbiology. The article emphasizes the reliability of KinExA in measuring analytes of diverse nature ranging from small molecules and micromodules. In conclusion, this review article provides a comprehensive overview of KinExA technology by demonstrating its broad utility as a valuable analytical tool, offering precise and reliable quantification of analytes in diverse sample matrices in different fields of applications.