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Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane01:12

Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

Porins are beta-barrel proteins translocated to the mitochondrial outer membrane through the TOM complex into the intermembrane space. Porin precursors bind TIM chaperones within the intermembrane space and are guided to the Sorting and Assembly Machinery complex or SAM complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Three models describe the assembly of porins by the SAM complex and their insertion into the outer membrane. Model 1 suggests that porins are assembled outside the SAM channel as the...
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The pV diagram, which is a graph of pressure versus volume of the gas under study, is helpful in describing certain aspects of the substance. When the substance behaves like an ideal gas, the ideal gas equation describes the relationship between its pressure and volume. On a pV diagram, it is common to plot an isotherm, which is a curve showing p as a function of V with the number of molecules and the temperature fixed. Then, for an ideal gas, the product of the pressure of the gas and its...
Fluid Pressure over Curved Plate of Constant Width01:12

Fluid Pressure over Curved Plate of Constant Width

When a curved plate of constant width is submerged in a liquid, the pressure acting normal to the plate varies continuously both in magnitude and direction. Calculating the magnitude and location of the resultant force at a point is often challenging for such cases. One of the methods to determine the resultant force and its location involves separately calculating the horizontal and vertical components of the resultant force. This complex calculation can be simplified by representing the...
Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Variable Width01:02

Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Variable Width

When a flat plate is submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts pressure on the plate. This pressure can lead to many different phenomena, including drag and buoyancy. To understand the behavior of the fluid over a flat plate of variable width, it is essential to analyze the distribution of the pressure exerted.
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Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

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The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
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Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

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Perindopril: A comprehensive profile.

Jude Majed Lababidi1, Mohamed Fawzy Kabil1, Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt.

Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients, and Related Methodology
|February 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This chapter details perindopril arginine (PER-Arg) properties and analytical methods for quantifying it and perindopril erbumine (PER-E). It covers physicochemical attributes, synthesis, and various quantification techniques for these ACE inhibitors.

Keywords:
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitorChromatographyNuclear magnetic resonancePerindoprilSpectrofluorometrySpectrophotometryThermal analysisUV-spectrum

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Perindopril (PER) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Two main salts, perindopril arginine (PER-Arg) and perindopril erbumine (PER-E), have been developed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the physicochemical properties of PER-Arg.
  • To discuss analytical methodologies for quantifying PER-Arg and PER-E.

Main Methods:

  • Physicochemical characterization of PER-Arg (structure, synthesis, crystallography, thermal stability, UV absorbance).
  • Review of quantification methods including chromatography, spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, biosensors, and radioimmunoassay.

Main Results:

  • Detailed physicochemical profile of PER-Arg established.
  • Various analytical techniques suitable for quantifying PER-Arg and PER-E in diverse matrices were discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding PER-Arg's properties is crucial for its pharmaceutical application.
  • A range of validated analytical methods are available for accurate quantification of PER-Arg and PER-E.