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Related Concept Videos

Classical Mechanics01:12

Classical Mechanics

Classical mechanics provides a mathematical description of the motion of bodies under the influence of forces. A key principle within this field is the work-energy theorem, which establishes a bridge between the net work done on an object and its kinetic energy.The work-energy theorem states that the net work done on a particle by all the forces acting on it equals the change in its kinetic energy.In simple terms, the work-energy theorem is a method to analyze the effects of forces on an...
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...
The de Broglie Wavelength02:32

The de Broglie Wavelength

In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
Space-Time Curvature and the General Theory of Relativity01:17

Space-Time Curvature and the General Theory of Relativity

In 1905, Albert Einstein published his special theory of relativity. According to this theory, no matter in the universe can attain a speed greater than the speed of light in a vacuum, which thus serves as the speed limit of the universe.
This has been verified in many experiments. However, space and time are no longer absolute. Two observers moving relative to one another do not agree on the length of objects or the passage of time. The mechanics of objects based on Newton's laws of motion,...
The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He mathematically...
Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon01:21

Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon

No object with a finite mass can travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum. This fact has an interesting consequence in the domain of extremely high gravitational fields.
The minimum speed required to launch a projectile from the surface of an object to which it is gravitationally bound so that it eventually escapes the object’s gravitational field is called the escape velocity. The escape velocity is independent of the mass of the object. Merging the idea of escape velocity with the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Macroscopic quantum mechanics in a classical spacetime.

Huan Yang1, Haixing Miao, Da-Shin Lee

  • 1Theoretical Astrophysics 350-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|May 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Schrödinger-Newton equation models quantum mechanics and spacetime for macroscopic objects. Quantum uncertainty in single objects evolves uniquely, observable with current optomechanics technology.

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics and general relativity interface
  • Macroscopic quantum phenomena
  • Optomechanics

Background:

  • The Schrödinger-Newton equation unifies quantum mechanics and general relativity.
  • Understanding macroscopic quantum behavior is a frontier in physics.
  • Optomechanics offers tools to probe quantum properties of larger systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply the Schrödinger-Newton equation to macroscopic mechanical objects.
  • To investigate the quantum dynamics of large objects' centers of mass.
  • To explore the observability of quantum effects in macroscopic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an effective Schrödinger-Newton equation for object centers of mass by averaging internal degrees of freedom.
  • Analyzed the quantum uncertainty evolution for a single macroscopic object in a harmonic potential.
  • Extended the analysis to systems of multiple macroscopic objects.

Main Results:

  • Quantum uncertainty in a single macroscopic object evolves at a frequency distinct from its classical eigenfrequency, dependent on internal structure.
  • This distinct frequency evolution is observable with current optomechanics technology.
  • For multiple objects, the Schrödinger-Newton equation predicts classical-like motion, with no quantum uncertainty transfer between objects.

Conclusions:

  • The Schrödinger-Newton equation provides a framework for studying macroscopic quantum mechanics.
  • Observable quantum effects in macroscopic objects are predicted and within experimental reach.
  • Quantum uncertainty is localized and not transferable between distinct macroscopic quantum systems.