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Related Concept Videos

The Hall Effect01:30

The Hall Effect

Edwin H. Hall, in the year 1879, devised an experiment that could be used to identify the polarity of the predominant charge carriers in a conducting material. From a historical perspective, this experiment was the first to demonstrate that the charge carriers in most metals are negative.
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0, resulting in...
2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
Inductive Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

Inductive Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

The protons in unsubstituted alkanes are strongly shielded with chemical shifts below 1.8 ppm. Methine, methylene, and methyl protons appear at approximately 1.7, 1.2 and 0.7 ppm, while the proton signal from methane appears at 0.23 ppm. An electronegative substituent, such as chlorine, withdraws the electron density from the protons, increasing their chemical shift. Progressive substitution of the hydrogens in methane by chlorine shifts the proton signals increasingly downfield, to 3.05 ppm in...
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared.

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Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials
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Quantum Hall effect in hydrogenated graphene.

J Guillemette1, S S Sabri, Binxin Wu

  • 1Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, H3A 2T8, Canada.

Physical Review Letters
|May 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hydrogenated graphene exhibits insulating behavior and a colossal magnetoresistance due to impurity-induced effects. This quantum Hall effect observation in disordered graphene provides insights into electron localization and magnetic confinement.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Phenomena

Background:

  • The quantum Hall effect (QHE) is typically observed in highly ordered two-dimensional electron systems.
  • Disordered materials often exhibit insulating behavior and localization effects, which can mask QHE.
  • Hydrogenated graphene offers a unique platform to study QHE in the presence of significant disorder.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the quantum Hall effect in disordered, hydrogenated graphene.
  • To understand the influence of impurity-induced disorder on electronic properties and magnetoresistance.
  • To explore the interplay between electron localization and magnetic confinement in two-dimensional atomic crystals.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of millimeter-scale hydrogenated graphene.
  • Electrical transport measurements at low temperatures and high magnetic fields.
  • Analysis of two-point resistance and magnetoresistance in zero and applied magnetic fields.

Main Results:

  • Observed quantum Hall effect in hydrogenated graphene with mobility < 10 cm²/V·s.
  • Demonstrated insulating behavior (resistance ~250h/e²) in zero magnetic field.
  • Measured a colossal negative magnetoresistance, with resistance saturating near h/2e² at 45 T.
  • Results consistent with an impurity-induced gap in the density of states.

Conclusions:

  • Impurity-induced disorder can lead to an observable quantum Hall effect in graphene.
  • The interplay of localization and magnetic confinement is crucial in disordered 2D systems.
  • Hydrogenated graphene serves as a model system for studying transport phenomena in disordered quantum materials.