Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 11, 2026

A Novel Ex Ovo Banding Technique to Alter Intracardiac Hemodynamics in an Embryonic Chicken System
Published on: May 13, 2016
Aortic valve tethering: embryonic remnant of a common origin?
Luis Alvarez-Acosta1, Estanislao Soriano-Vela, Maria Facenda-Lorenzo
1Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. luisalvaco@gmail.com
Abstract:
A 14-year-old asymptomatic girl without relevant medical history was referred to our department for heart murmur evaluation. The echocardiogram showed cardiac chambers with normal size and function. Noteworthy was the presence of an apparently fibrous tissue joining the ventricular surfaces of the aortic non-coronary and right coronary leaflets with the anterior mitral leaflet. Both valves were slightly thickened and there was a mild anterior mitral valve 'billowing' causing an eccentric mild-to-moderate regurgitant jet. During systole, tethering of this tissue caused the incomplete opening of both mentioned aortic leaflets, causing a turbulent flow with no significant gradient across the valve. During diastole, moderate eccentric aortic regurgitation jet was noted, probably related to incomplete coaptation at the insertion point of this anomalous tissue. We speculate that this finding may represent the remnant of some tissue during heart development that abnormally persisted in this young lady.
Related Concept Videos
Development of the Heart
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart tube by...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction
Embryonic Connective Tissues
The mesenchyme is the first connective tissue that emerges in the developing embryo. It consists of loosely arranged multipotent mesenchymal cells and reticular fibers in the extracellular matrix. This loose arrangement allows easy migration of cells, which is essential for germ layer positioning, patterning, and organ morphogenesis during embryonic development. Mesenchyme is...
Development of Blood Vessels
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

