Cardiac Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Hematology
• Cardiology

Background:

• Secondary cardiac tumors are more prevalent than primary cardiac tumors.
• Melanoma, lung, breast, and mediastinal carcinomas are common causes of cardiac metastasis.
• Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults, often treated with chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a rare case of extramedullary relapse of AML.
• To describe the presentation of cardiac involvement as a solid mass.
• To discuss the implications for HSCT outcomes in high-risk AML patients.

Main Methods:

• Case report presentation.
• Review of patient's medical history and treatment course.
• Discussion of relevant literature on extramedullary relapse and cardiac tumors.

Main Results:

• A patient with AML experienced an extramedullary relapse presenting as a cardiac mass.
• This cardiac mass represents a rare site of relapse, distinct from typical sanctuary sites.
• The case underscores the potential for unusual relapse patterns following HSCT for AML.

Conclusions:

• Extramedullary relapse of AML can occur in rare sites like the heart.
• Cardiac involvement in AML relapse requires careful consideration in diagnosis and management.
• This case emphasizes the importance of vigilance for atypical relapse patterns post-HSCT.