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Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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Cavitation in amorphous solids.

Pengfei Guan1, Shuo Lu, Michael J B Spector

  • 1Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|May 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that cavitation rates in metallic glasses depend on waiting time. Shorter times show classical nucleation, while longer times exhibit decreased rates due to strain aging, explaining quasibrittle fracture.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computational Materials Science
  • Physics

Background:

  • Metallic glasses exhibit unique mechanical properties, including fracture behavior.
  • Understanding cavitation is crucial for predicting material failure.
  • Classical nucleation theory provides a framework for studying phase transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of cavitation in Zr(50)Cu(50) metallic glass using molecular dynamics simulations.
  • To analyze the influence of time scales on cavitation rates and critical nucleus sizes.
  • To correlate simulation findings with classical nucleation theory and explain observed fracture phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Performing molecular dynamics simulations of cavitation in Zr(50)Cu(50) metallic glass.
  • Analyzing waiting time dependent cavitation rates.
  • Comparing simulation results with classical nucleation theory, incorporating plastic dissipation and surface energy effects.
  • Investigating the role of strain aging and shear relaxations.

Main Results:

  • Cavitation rate is dependent on waiting time.
  • On short time scales, nucleation rates and critical cavity sizes align with classical nucleation theory.
  • On longer time scales, strain aging leads to a decrease in cavitation rate.
  • Suppression of surface energy in small cavities results in high cavitation rates.

Conclusions:

  • Classical nucleation theory, with modifications for plastic dissipation and surface energy, accurately describes short-time cavitation.
  • Strain aging significantly impacts cavitation dynamics on longer time scales.
  • High cavitation rates, driven by reduced surface energy in small cavities, offer an explanation for the quasibrittle fracture observed in metallic glasses.