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Related Concept Videos

The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
Coagulation01:06

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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...

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Related Experiment Video

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Patterning of Microorganisms and Microparticles through Sequential Capillarity-assisted Assembly
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Patterning of Microorganisms and Microparticles through Sequential Capillarity-assisted Assembly

Published on: November 4, 2021

Hydrodynamically driven colloidal assembly in dip coating.

Carlos E Colosqui1, Jeffrey F Morris, Howard A Stone

  • 1Benjamin Levich Institute, City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|May 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dip coating suspensions can form colloidal patterns. Below a critical speed, capillary forces prevent particle transport, enabling hydrodynamically driven assembly and regular structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Colloid science
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Dip coating is a common method for applying thin films from suspensions.
  • Understanding particle behavior during dip coating is crucial for controlling film properties and pattern formation.
  • Previous studies have not fully elucidated the mechanism of colloidal assembly during dip coating.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hydrodynamics of dip coating from particle suspensions.
  • To identify the mechanism responsible for colloidal assembly and pattern formation.
  • To develop a model predicting structure formation based on fluid and particle properties.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical modeling of fluid flow and particle interactions.
  • Numerical simulations of two-dimensional dip coating with circular particles.
  • Analysis of capillary and hydrodynamic forces acting on particles in the meniscus.

Main Results:

  • A critical withdrawal speed exists below which single particles cannot be transported through the meniscus.
  • Colloidal assembly occurs within the meniscus, driven by capillary forces balanced by hydrodynamic drag.
  • Periodic and regular structures form when the ratio of capillary number (Ca) to Bond number (Bo) is below a critical threshold (Ca^(2/3)/sqrt[Bo] < 0.7).

Conclusions:

  • Hydrodynamically driven particle assembly is a key mechanism for pattern formation in dip coating.
  • The study provides a theoretical framework consistent with experimental observations of stripe patterns.
  • The findings offer insights for controlling colloidal assembly and designing functional coatings.