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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature
07:42

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature

Published on: March 11, 2022

Entropy-driven crystal formation on highly strained substrates.

John R Savage1, Stefan F Hopp, Rajesh Ganapathy

  • 1Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Particles with short-range attractions form crystals on strained lattices, driven by an entropy-driven interaction. Lowering temperature dissolves these crystals, highlighting entropy

Keywords:
colloidsthermodynamicstunable depletion interaction

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Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment
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Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

Published on: July 5, 2019

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
12:29

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature
07:42

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature

Published on: March 11, 2022

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment
09:25

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

Published on: July 5, 2019

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
12:29

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: March 13, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Lattice mismatch in heteroepitaxy significantly impacts crystal nucleation and growth.
  • Understanding mismatch effects is limited for larger particles like proteins and nanoparticles due to short-range interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how lattice mismatch influences the crystallization of particles with short-range attractive interactions.
  • Explore the role of entropy in substrate-mediated interactions during heteroepitaxy.

Main Methods:

  • Colloidal experiments and simulations were employed.
  • Free-energy cost of dimer formation was measured on strained monolayers.
  • Analysis of entropy-driven attractive interactions and temperature effects on crystal stability.

Main Results:

  • Particles with short-range attractions formed crystals on strained lattices with spacings larger than interaction length.
  • Substrates mediated entropy-driven attractive interactions extending beyond the particle interaction range.
  • Decreasing temperature led to the dissolution of substrate-mediated attractive crystals.

Conclusions:

  • Entropy plays a crucial role in lattice-mismatched crystal growth for larger particles.
  • This phenomenon offers novel methods for heterogeneous nucleation and single crystal growth.
  • Spatially modulated strain profiles on substrates can direct self-assembly and control crystal morphology.