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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters01:11

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution01:20

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

The kidneys concentrate or dilute urine to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Nephrons, particularly the loop of Henle, play a crucial role in this process through the countercurrent multiplication system. This system establishes a high osmolarity in the renal medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption. In the loop of Henle’s descending limb, water is reabsorbed into the surrounding medulla due to its permeability to water. In contrast, the ascending limb actively transports...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

Adolescent urology update.

Julian Wan1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, 3875 Taubman Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105-0330, USA. juliwan@umich.edu

Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews
|May 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transitioning pediatric patients to adult care presents unique challenges. Addressing late-diagnosed childhood conditions requires tailored medical and psychosocial support for young adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric medicine
  • Adult internal medicine
  • Transition of care

Background:

  • Childhood conditions persisting into adulthood pose unique challenges.
  • Late presentation of pediatric conditions requires specialized adult care approaches.
  • Growing number of children with previously rare adult-onset conditions necessitates evolving medical practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the complexities in transitioning pediatric patients with specific conditions to adult care.
  • To emphasize the need for fine-tuned medical strategies for young adults with chronic childhood illnesses.
  • To underscore the importance of identifying appropriate adult healthcare providers for ongoing patient management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical scenarios involving pediatric conditions extending into adulthood.
  • Analysis of psychosocial and medical needs of late-presenting patients.
  • Discussion of strategies for physician identification and care coordination.

Main Results:

  • Patients face significant social and psychological concerns when conditions are addressed later in life.
  • Current adult care models may not adequately address the specific needs of young adults transitioning from pediatric care.
  • A proactive approach is needed to ensure continuity of care and physician alignment.

Conclusions:

  • The transition from pediatric to adult healthcare requires careful consideration of patient independence and specific medical needs.
  • Enhanced collaboration between pediatric and adult medical specialists is crucial for successful care transitions.
  • Developing specialized pathways for young adults with chronic conditions is essential for optimal health outcomes.